Relationship of Corporal Punishment and Student’s Behavior of Secondary School Students of Quetta City

Corporal/Physical punishment exercises in the secondary level school students have negative associations on the behavior patterns of the students. The corporal punishment exercises not only affect the student’s social life but also badly affect their professional life, these negative impacts on their behavior manage to the authorities whom the students are working outside the school and create hurdles in achieving their educational goals. For this purpose descriptive type of research was conducted. This research was correlational in nature. The population for this research study was taken all the secondary boys’ and girls’ schools of the Quetta city, Quetta District. A sample of 200 students was taken in order to find out the results of the study. A questionnaire was designed in order to collect data as a tool of the research study. There is a moderate negative relationship between the Corporal/Physical punishment and student’s behavior of the secondary schools. The students who received corporal punishment had a negative impact on their behavior than those who didn’t receive any type of punishment. Keyword: Punishment, Quetta, Physical/Corporal, School, Relationship. Introduction In the country Pakistan corporal punishment is the most hazardous practice in secondary schools. Corporal punishment has been forbidden by Government in all public and private cadre schools where different instances reported by Daily newspapers. Corporal Punishment is a toxin for the vision and willingness of the students which lays negative impacts on student’s behavior. This study is intended to explore the “Relationship of Corporal/Physical punishment and the behavior of students of secondary schools students of Quetta city”. “Corporal punishment” refers to those harmful patterns of behavior that causes no physical injury, it includes slapping, spanking, pulling hairs etc.” (Gershoff, 2002). Those students whom corporal punishment was given by their teachers had a disappointing nature and the same students showed less interest in academic activities in such students negative behavior was observed academic progress of the same students showed a gradual decrease.”(M shahbaz arif and M shahban rafi, 2007)”. The study revealed that corporal punishment is Vol. III, Issue 1, Jan March 2022 ISSN No: (ONLINE): 2710-043 www.irjei.com International Research Journal of Education and Innovation ISSN No: ISSN (PRINT): 2710-0448 DOI: https://doi.org/10.53575/irjei.v3.01.27(22)310-317 Relationship of Corporal Punishment and Student’s Behavior of Secondary ... [ 311 ] the outcome of deviation from the real philosophy of the teachings of religion Islam and the focus of Islam is on the virtues of love, affection, kindness and mercy. While dealing the children whilst at the same time Islam also supports corporal punishment but under certain guidelines and restrictions. The study recommended that providing proper training to teachers on the alternative method of behavior modification.”(Khadija Aziz, 2021)”. Effects of corporal punishment is given by “Morrel” such as “ by corporal punishment student shows Dejection in studies, low interest in class work which are the clear symptoms of corporal punishment and also the student do not participate in learning teaching activities actively” (Morrel, 2000). “If we are legally prohibited from others adults, why is it okay to strike a child?” (Graziano, 1990). “If the parents or teachers have been punished in their childhood they are more supportive of punishment as compared to those who have not received any form of punishment” (Hyman, 1988). “Negative attitude towards learning is the cause of physical punishment. When such students develop in to adults they have no soft corner for others, the researchers have shown that being beaten by teacher the child learns aggression” (Friedman & Schonberg, 1996; Boser, 2001). “Corporal punishment is the use of physical pain intentionally for the modification and correction of behaviors” (Straus & Mouradian, 1998). The given research study is prominent because it will help to know the current status of corporal punishment in secondary schools and its effects of students behaviors. The most important this study will help to give suggestions regarding how to eliminate or manage to find alternate ways for student’s interest in studies. Problem statement Today’s students will have to perform the administrative affairs of the country in future as a Doctor, Engineers, and Pilot etc. It is there for mandatory that proper guidance may be provided to them in order to achieve the developmental goals of country. The importance of this study cannot be denied therefor it forces us to think utterly about the issues originating from the student’s classroom environment. Corporal punishment is caused by many factors which causes the further destruction of carrier and behavior of the children. By overcoming the above mentioned issues the children (student) can develop problems such as reluctance, low class participation, class attendance, dropout rate, creativity, low selfconfidence and boldness in the classroom. Mostly teachers at secondary schools consider that they control over the classroom can be gained by the help of corporal punishment. This research study is intended at finding out the relationship of corporal punishment and its impact on the student’s behavior, learning and personality development. Significance of the investigation This research study is a correlational study. In our society especially in secondary schools punishment is a curse which is a big hurdle in between the students and development of their behavior pattern. Corporal/Physical punishment is banned in majority of the countries of the world because when a student is punished it lays long lasting impacts on student’s behavior. This impact is mostly negative in nature by which the student will face the problems such as aggression, antisocial behavior, mental health, embarrassment, lack of class participation, creativity impact etc. Vol. III, Issue 1, Jan March 2022 ISSN No: (ONLINE): 2710-043 www.irjei.com International Research Journal of Education and Innovation ISSN No: ISSN (PRINT): 2710-0448 DOI: https://doi.org/10.53575/irjei.v3.01.27(22)310-317 Relationship of Corporal Punishment and Student’s Behavior of Secondary ... [ 312 ] The justification of this study clarifies that class teacher must have awareness about the negative magnitudes of punishment. Cognitive development of the student is badly affected by the use of punishment tools i.e. stick or the body parts must not be used during the class which may result to cease the student’s cognitive development. This study is helpful in maintaining the behavior pattern of the students that is the teachers will become aware of the consequences of punishment to the students so it will help the teachers to shape their behavior. Objectives of research 1. To explore existing position of corporal punishment at Secondary School level. 2. The role of corporal punishment on development of personality traits of the students. Literature Review While numerous emerging studies used various statistical methods and analysis to show the mixed results of Corporal Punishment and student’s behavior. This paper is to discern corporal punishment and student’s behavior. The gap in literature by attempting to explore more multidimensional lasting impacts of corporal punishment on student’s social, psychological and emotional life. This portion of the research study will critically review and highlight multiple studies to display the association between corporal punishment and student’s behavior. Corporal punishment is the speedy and prompt way through which the wants, wishes and interests of the students/children are killed which is given by negative impact on their ultimate behavior. “(Shidler, 2001)”. Corporal punishment and discipline are two different things which varies from discipline to discipline as a torment, undesirable and dissatisfaction is punishment while helping and preparing the kid is refered as discipline. “(WHO, 2009)”. “Graziano (1990)” as our society doesn’t allow us to beat of strike any type of human and animal so why is it good to beat a young one? This research study was conducted at the state university of New York buffalo. A total of 679 unmarried students were taken. A 25 questions and 20 minutes questionnaire was distributed among the students. The results revealed that 93.2% students admitted that they have been spanked by their parents and they intended to continue spanking their children in future. Likewise, the social overflow hypothesis introduced by “(Rohner et al., 1991)” this study reveals that if a child is punished corporally it effects on his/her mental health and the consequences are seem to very bad in the log run.. Those students whom corporal punishment was given by their teachers had a disappointing nature and the same students showed less interest in academic activities in such students negative behavior was observed academic progress of the same students showed a gradual decrease.”(M shahbaz arif and M shahban rafi, 2007)”. The study revealed that corporal punishment is the outcome of deviation from the real philosophy of Islamic ideology as the Islamic teachings are based on the virtues of kindness, love and affection and mercy while dealing with the children whilst at the same time Islam also supports corporal punishment but under certain guidelines and restrictions. The study Vol. III, Issue 1, Jan March 2022 ISSN No: (ONLINE): 2710-043 www.irjei.com International Research Journal of Education and Innovation ISSN No: ISSN (PRINT): 2710-0448 DOI: https://doi.org/10.53575/irjei.v3.01.27(22)310-317 Relationship of Corporal Punishment and Student’s Behavior of Secondary ... [ 313 ] recommended that providing proper training to teachers on the alternative method of behavior modification.”(Khadija Aziz, 2021)”. Methodology The nature of this research study is descriptive. The study was correlational in nature. The population of the study was the all-boys and girl’s secondary schools of Quetta citty. From the population six (06) boys and four (04) girls’ schools were selected as a sample. Random sampling technique was used. A total of 200 respondents was selected from all the schools of Quetta city. A self-administered questionnaire was designed to collect data for this purpose. The schools were visited by the permission of school heads and it was ensured that the data will be utilized only for research purpose. The questionnaire and interviews were administered personally by the researcher. The response for questionnaire was 100%. A ttest analysis was applied to explore the difference in variables. According to Dr. John Curry, professor of educational research when population is more than 10 thousand than a minimum of 1% of sample size acceptable so for this purpose ten (10) different schools were selected by the use of simple random sampling out of the total 93 schools of Quetta city. However, in this regard, a sample of 200 student’s was taken as a respondents out of 13271 total students of secondary school students that is approximately 1.5% of it to record the apparent perceptions of the corporal punishment of secondary schools of Quetta city . Data analysis is done through SPSS and coded in order to more process. The analysis gave both qualitative and quantitative information. Results Socio-economic profile of the respondents The socio-economic summary for students of Secondary school students is an indispensable parameter of research study given by the figure-1. For the above purpose summaries of respondents (students) was divided in to above mentioned categories which are shown as below. Figre.1 Age of the Respondents. 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% Upto 12 Years 13 to 14 Years 15 Years and above Age of the Respondents Vol. III, Issue 1, Jan March 2022 ISSN No: (ONLINE): 2710-043 www.irjei.com International Research Journal of Education and Innovation ISSN No: ISSN (PRINT): 2710-0448 DOI: https://doi.org/10.53575/irjei.v3.01.27(22)310-317 Relationship of Corporal Punishment and Student’s Behavior of Secondary ... [ 314 ] The age factor of respondents (students) of research study reveals that 48% of respondents holding the age from 12 to 14 years. While 31% of respondents admitted that their ages are up to 12 years and 21% holding the age 15 years and above. Table.1 Instrument Reliability Cronbach’s Alpha No. of items


Introduction
In the country Pakistan corporal punishment is the most hazardous practice in secondary schools. Corporal punishment has been forbidden by Government in all public and private cadre schools where different instances reported by Daily newspapers. Corporal Punishment is a toxin for the vision and willingness of the students which lays negative impacts on student's behavior. This study is intended to explore the "Relationship of Corporal/Physical punishment and the behavior of students of secondary schools students of Quetta city". "Corporal punishment" refers to those harmful patterns of behavior that causes no physical injury, it includes slapping, spanking, pulling hairs etc." (Gershoff, 2002). Those students whom corporal punishment was given by their teachers had a disappointing nature and the same students showed less interest in academic activities in such students negative behavior was observed academic progress of the same students showed a gradual decrease."(M shahbaz arif and M shahban rafi, 2007)". The study revealed that corporal punishment is

Relationship of Corporal Punishment and Student's Behavior of Secondary …
[ 311 ] the outcome of deviation from the real philosophy of the teachings of religion Islam and the focus of Islam is on the virtues of love, affection, kindness and mercy. While dealing the children whilst at the same time Islam also supports corporal punishment but under certain guidelines and restrictions. The study recommended that providing proper training to teachers on the alternative method of behavior modification."(Khadija Aziz, 2021)". Effects of corporal punishment is given by "Morrel" such as " by corporal punishment student shows Dejection in studies, low interest in class work which are the clear symptoms of corporal punishment and also the student do not participate in learning teaching activities actively" (Morrel, 2000). "If we are legally prohibited from others adults, why is it okay to strike a child?" (Graziano, 1990). "If the parents or teachers have been punished in their childhood they are more supportive of punishment as compared to those who have not received any form of punishment" (Hyman, 1988). "Negative attitude towards learning is the cause of physical punishment. When such students develop in to adults they have no soft corner for others, the researchers have shown that being beaten by teacher the child learns aggression" (Friedman & Schonberg, 1996; Boser, 2001). "Corporal punishment is the use of physical pain intentionally for the modification and correction of behaviors" (Straus & Mouradian, 1998). The given research study is prominent because it will help to know the current status of corporal punishment in secondary schools and its effects of students behaviors. The most important this study will help to give suggestions regarding how to eliminate or manage to find alternate ways for student's interest in studies.

Problem statement
Today's students will have to perform the administrative affairs of the country in future as a Doctor, Engineers, and Pilot etc. It is there for mandatory that proper guidance may be provided to them in order to achieve the developmental goals of country. The importance of this study cannot be denied therefor it forces us to think utterly about the issues originating from the student's classroom environment. Corporal punishment is caused by many factors which causes the further destruction of carrier and behavior of the children. By overcoming the above mentioned issues the children (student) can develop problems such as reluctance, low class participation, class attendance, dropout rate, creativity, low selfconfidence and boldness in the classroom. Mostly teachers at secondary schools consider that they control over the classroom can be gained by the help of corporal punishment. This research study is intended at finding out the relationship of corporal punishment and its impact on the student's behavior, learning and personality development.

Significance of the investigation
This research study is a correlational study. In our society especially in secondary schools punishment is a curse which is a big hurdle in between the students and development of their behavior pattern. Corporal/Physical punishment is banned in majority of the countries of the world because when a student is punished it lays long lasting impacts on student's behavior. This impact is mostly negative in nature by which the student will face the problems such as aggression, antisocial behavior, mental health, embarrassment, lack of class participation, creativity impact etc.

Relationship of Corporal Punishment and Student's Behavior of Secondary …
[ 312 ] The justification of this study clarifies that class teacher must have awareness about the negative magnitudes of punishment. Cognitive development of the student is badly affected by the use of punishment tools i.e. stick or the body parts must not be used during the class which may result to cease the student's cognitive development. This study is helpful in maintaining the behavior pattern of the students that is the teachers will become aware of the consequences of punishment to the students so it will help the teachers to shape their behavior.
Objectives of research 1. To explore existing position of corporal punishment at Secondary School level. 2. The role of corporal punishment on development of personality traits of the students.

Literature Review
While numerous emerging studies used various statistical methods and analysis to show the mixed results of Corporal Punishment and student's behavior. This paper is to discern corporal punishment and student's behavior. The gap in literature by attempting to explore more multidimensional lasting impacts of corporal punishment on student's social, psychological and emotional life. This portion of the research study will critically review and highlight multiple studies to display the association between corporal punishment and student's behavior. Corporal punishment is the speedy and prompt way through which the wants, wishes and interests of the students/children are killed which is given by negative impact on their ultimate behavior. " (Shidler, 2001)". Corporal punishment and discipline are two different things which varies from discipline to discipline as a torment, undesirable and dissatisfaction is punishment while helping and preparing the kid is refered as discipline. "(WHO, 2009)". "Graziano (1990)" as our society doesn't allow us to beat of strike any type of human and animal so why is it good to beat a young one? This research study was conducted at the state university of New York buffalo. A total of 679 unmarried students were taken. A 25 questions and 20 minutes questionnaire was distributed among the students. The results revealed that 93.2% students admitted that they have been spanked by their parents and they intended to continue spanking their children in future. Likewise, the social overflow hypothesis introduced by " (Rohner et al., 1991)" this study reveals that if a child is punished corporally it effects on his/her mental health and the consequences are seem to very bad in the log run.. Those students whom corporal punishment was given by their teachers had a disappointing nature and the same students showed less interest in academic activities in such students negative behavior was observed academic progress of the same students showed a gradual decrease."(M shahbaz arif and M shahban rafi, 2007)". The study revealed that corporal punishment is the outcome of deviation from the real philosophy of Islamic ideology as the Islamic teachings are based on the virtues of kindness, love and affection and mercy while dealing with the children whilst at the same time Islam also supports corporal punishment but under certain guidelines and restrictions. The study

Relationship of Corporal Punishment and Student's Behavior of Secondary …
[ 313 ] recommended that providing proper training to teachers on the alternative method of behavior modification."(Khadija Aziz, 2021)".

Methodology
The nature of this research study is descriptive. The study was correlational in nature. The population of the study was the all-boys and girl's secondary schools of Quetta citty. From the population six (06) boys and four (04) girls' schools were selected as a sample. Random sampling technique was used. A total of 200 respondents was selected from all the schools of Quetta city. A self-administered questionnaire was designed to collect data for this purpose. The schools were visited by the permission of school heads and it was ensured that the data will be utilized only for research purpose. The questionnaire and interviews were administered personally by the researcher. The response for questionnaire was 100%. A ttest analysis was applied to explore the difference in variables. According to Dr. John Curry, professor of educational research when population is more than 10 thousand than a minimum of 1% of sample size acceptable so for this purpose ten (10) different schools were selected by the use of simple random sampling out of the total 93 schools of Quetta city. However, in this regard, a sample of 200 student's was taken as a respondents out of 13271 total students of secondary school students that is approximately 1.5% of it to record the apparent perceptions of the corporal punishment of secondary schools of Quetta city . Data analysis is done through SPSS and coded in order to more process. The analysis gave both qualitative and quantitative information.

Socio-economic profile of the respondents
The socio-economic summary for students of Secondary school students is an indispensable parameter of research study given by the figure-1. For the above purpose summaries of respondents (students) was divided in to above mentioned categories which are shown as below.

Relationship of Corporal Punishment and Student's Behavior of Secondary …
[ 314 ] The age factor of respondents (students) of research study reveals that 48% of respondents holding the age from 12 to 14 years. While 31% of respondents admitted that their ages are up to 12 years and 21% holding the age 15 years and above. The internal consistency reliability of value .723 is good for the scale with this sample consisting of 24 items. The value above than .6 is acceptable however the value above than .7 are preferable.in this case the value is .723 which is highly preferable. Total number of items is 24 it includes all items which makes our scale.      An independent sample t-test is used when you want to compare the mean score, on some continuous variables, for two groups of subjects. The independent sample t-test will tell you whether there is a statistically significant difference in the mean score of between two groups. The above research study is looking for the corporal punishment and student's behavior of students. The sig, value is greater than 0.05 (.298) hence the upper value .003 is taken from the line. P value .003 shows that there is a significant difference between the behavior of those students who receives corporal punishment and those who do not receive corporal punishment in the class.

Recommendations
Corporal/physical punishment is becoming a seriously considerations, some researchers or scholar's unpleasant picture towards Behavior of the students and this makes dread as well as detest in the students of secondary level schools these false assumptions of the researchers and scholars makes trouble in the route of legislature in making policies but to limit the use of corporal/physical punishment to discipline children's at school's level give a negative impact over their behavior. Following recommendations were suggested based on results of this study which will be beneficial in future.

1.
Government of Baluchistan must make policies in order to overwhelm the corporal/physical punishment at secondary level schools and strictly implement these policies in order to eradicate the curse of punishment from the face of our society. Corporal punishment lays long lasting on the behavior of students that makes them distant from learning, embarrassment and psychological impacts. A good legislation can help to overcome these negative magnitudes on student's behavior.

2.
Secondly, it is recommended that teachers in the class room should have awareness about the negative consequences of corporal punishment and engage the students in different activities rather than giving punishment.

3.
Corporal punishment serves a negative tool for the academic, social and mental behavior of the school students and corporal punishment gives negative impact on their overall health therefor the parents must be InTouch with school staff so that they have information what activities are going on in the institution.