Role of Code-Switching and Code-Mixing in Improving L2 Leaners’ Target Language Speaking Skill in Multilingual Settings

Authors

  • Danyal Raza Visiting Lecturer, Department of English, Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
  • Afraz Latif Visiting Lecturer, Department of English, Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
  • Waqar Raza Visiting Lecturer, Department of English, Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53575/irjei.v3.02(22)1.1-16

Keywords:

BS, Code-Switching, Code-Mixing, L2, Learners

Abstract

The core purpose of the research was to explore the conceivable factors that can assist English language learners to expand their speaking skills while using code-switching and code-mixing in multilingual settings. The respondents of this research article were male and female English language learners, learning English at BS level enrolled in public and private universities and colleges of the district of Multan. Structured questionnaire was the tool for data collection in which the respondents were invited to stipulate their level of confirmation or disparity on four-point rating scale model. The results and findings of the study data indicated that all the foreign language learners were consistently approved and said “Yes” on all the proposed statements of the questionnaire. The evaluated data disclosed that L2 learners think that with the help of code-switching and code-mixing they can speak out English language lessons easily, their mother tongue can help them in communicating and understanding the difficult questions and answers reported in their syllabus easily, code switching can assist L2 learners during the communication with teachers and students, L2 learners tremble when they have to speak in English in front of big gathering without using mother tongue, they have strong inclination towards code-switching for improving their pronunciation, code-switching and code-mixing can assist them in group discussion in foreign language classroom and that code switching can assist them to comprehend the themes of the stories proposed in their L2 syllabus

References

Alonso, R. S. (2012). The importance of teaching listening and speaking skills. Dpto. Didáctica de la Lengua y la Literatura Facultad de Educación, 1-72.

Bailey, K. M., & Nunan, D. (2005). Practical English language teaching: speaking.

Bergman, D. (1993). Camp grounds: Style and homosexuality. University of Massachusetts Press.

Carter, R., & Numan, D. (2001). Classroom interaction. The cambridge guide to teaching english to speakers of other languages.

Chang, S. J. (1990). A study of language learning behaviors of Chinese students at the University of Georgia and the relation of those behaviors to oral proficiency and other factors (Doctoral dissertation, University of Georgia).

Chou, Y. C. (2002). An exploratory study of language learning strategies and the relationship of these strategies to motivation and language proficiency among EFL Taiwanese technological and vocational college students. The University of Iowa.

Cook, V. (Ed.). (2002). Portraits of the L2 user (Vol. 1). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

Goodwin, J. (2001). No other way out: States and revolutionary movements, 1945-1991. Cambridge University Press.

Ely, C. M. (1986). Language learning motivation: A descriptive and causal analysis. The modern language journal, 70(1), 28-35.

Ferris, D., & Tagg, T. (1996). Academic listening/speaking tasks for ESL students: Problems, suggestions, and implications. TESOL quarterly, 30(2), 297-320.

Gontijo, F. (2017). As ilhas Trobriand, a antropologia e os Dimdim. Revista de Antropologia, 60(1), 263-308.

Gradman, A. H., Winkle, R. A., Fitzgerald, J. W., Meffin, P. J., Stoner 3rd, J., Bell, P. A., & Harrison, D. C. (1977). Suppression of premature ventricular contractions by acebutolol. Circulation, 55(5), 785-791.

Goh, C. C. M. (2007). Teaching speaking in the language classroom. Singapore: SEAMEO Regional Language Centre.

Gumperz, J. J. (1982). Discourse strategies (No. 1). Cambridge University Press.

Gumperz, J. J., & Cook-Gumperz, J. (1982). Introduction: Language and the communication of social identity. Language and social identity, 1, 21.

Hanania, E. A., & Gradman, H. L. (1977). Acquisition of English structures: A case study of an adult native speaker of Arabic in an English?speaking environment. Language Learning, 27(1), 75-91.

Harmer, J. (2007). The practice of English language teaching. Pearson longman.

Heredia, R. R. (1997). Bilingual memory and hierarchical models: A case for language dominance. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 6(2), 34-39.

Hymes, D. (1992). The concept of communicative competence revisited. Thirty years of linguistic evolution, 31-57.

Johnson, M., & Klein, E. (1986). Discourse, anaphora and parsing. In Coling 1986 Volume 1: The 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics.

Jones, P. E. (1995). Contradictions and unanswered questions in the Genie case: A fresh look at the linguistic evidence. Language & Communication, 15(3), 261-280.

Jorgensen, B. (2003). Baby Boomers, Generation X and Generation Y? Policy implications for defence forces in the modern era. Foresight.

Krupa-Kwiatkowski, M. (1998). You Shouldn't Have Brought Me Here!: Interaction Strategies in the Silent Period of an Inner-Directed Second Language Learner. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 31(2), 133-175.

Lazaraton, A. (2001). Qualitative research methods in language test development and validation. In European language testing in a global context: Proceedings of the ALTE Barcelona Conference (pp. 51-71).

Maguire, M. J., Hirsh-Pasek, K., Golinkoff, R. M., Imai, M., Haryu, E., Vanegas, S., & Sanchez-Davis, B. (2010). A developmental shift from similar to language-specific strategies in verb acquisition: A comparison of English, Spanish, and Japanese. Cognition, 114(3), 299-319.

Mattsson, A. F. (1997). Communication strategies in French as a foreign language.

Merritt, M., Cleghorn, A., Abagi, J. O., & Bunyi, G. (1992). Socialising multilingualism: Determinants of codeswitching in Kenyan primary classrooms. Journal of Multilingual & Multicultural Development, 13(1-2), 103-121.

Moiinvaziri, M. (2008, December). Motivational orientation in English language learning: A study of Iranian undergraduate students. In Global practices of language teaching: Proceedings of the 2008 International Online Language Conference (pp. 126-136). Boca Raton, FL: Universal-Publishers.

Mossai, S. T. (2006). A Case Study in the Move toward Self-Reliance: The Democratic Republic of Congo. on-line]. Accessed, 12.

Numan Khazaal, E. (2019). Improving Postgraduates’ Academic Writing Skills with Summarizing Strategy. Arab World English Journal (AWEJ) Volume, 10.

Odebunmi, A. (2007). Meaning expressions of some English registers. The International Journal of Language Society and Culture, 21.

Poplack, S. (1980). Sometimes i’ll start a sentence in spanish y termino en espanol: toward a typology of code-switching1.

Popovic, R. (2001). The place of translation in language teaching. Bridges, 5, 3-8.

Razmjoo, S. A., & GHASEMI, A. S. (2011). A model of speaking strategies for EFL learners.

Romaine, S. (1999). Bilingual language development. The development of language, 251-275.

Sarwar, M., Alam, M., Hussain, S., Shah, A. A., & Jabeen, M. (2014). Assessing English speaking skills of prospective teachers at entry and graduation level in teacher education program. Language Testing in Asia, 4(1), 1-9.

Savignon, S. J. (1991). Communicative language teaching: State of the art. TESOL quarterly, 25(2), 261-278.

Shirkey, D., & Benett, A. (2003). Motivational Strategy Guidelines Based On Self-Efficacy.

Skiba, R. (1997). Code switching as a countenance of language interference. The internet TESL journal, 3(10), 1-6.

Šolcová, P. (2011). Teaching speaking skills. Czech Republic: Masaryk University.

Sridhar, K. K. (1996). Societal multilingualism. Sociolinguistics and language teaching, 47, 70.

Stern, H. H., Tarone, E. E., Stern, H. H., Yule, G., & Stern, H. (1983). Fundamental concepts of language teaching: Historical and interdisciplinary perspectives on applied linguistic research. Oxford university press.

Swain, M. (1993). The output hypothesis: Just speaking and writing aren't enough. Canadian modern language review, 50(1), 158-164.

Thombury, S. (2005). Beyond the Sentence: lntroducing Discourse Annlysis. Great Bri-tain: Macmillan Publisher Limited.

Trent, J., & Gao, X. (2009). ‘At least I'm the type of teacher I want to be’: Second-career English language teachers' identity formation in Hong Kong secondary schools. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 37(3), 253-270.

Tsou, W. (2005). The effects of cultural instruction on foreign language learning. RELC journal, 36(1), 39-57.

Tsui, A. B., & Tollefson, J. W. (2004). The centrality of medium-of-instruction policy in sociopolitical processes. Medium of instruction policies: Which agenda? Whose agenda, 1-18.

Yang, Y., Haung, X., & Gao, L. (2006). Studies on speech prosody. Advances in Psychological Science, 14(04), 546.

Zabrodskaja, A. (2007). Russian-Estonian code-switching in the university. Journal of Second Language Acquisition and Teaching, 14, 123-139.

Downloads

Published

2022-06-12

How to Cite

Raza, D. ., Latif, A. ., & Raza, W. . (2022). Role of Code-Switching and Code-Mixing in Improving L2 Leaners’ Target Language Speaking Skill in Multilingual Settings. International Research Journal of Education and Innovation, 3(2), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.53575/irjei.v3.02(22)1.1-16