A Study on the Quality of Secondary Education in Government and Punjab Education Foundation Institutions about Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG-4) 2025
Keywords:
SDG-4, Punjab Education Foundation schools, government secondary schools, administration quality, teaching quality, school infrastructure quality, co-curricular activities, school climateAbstract
A nation's progress depends on its educational system, and this is especially true at the secondary school level, which serves as a stepping stone to tertiary education. This study set out to compare the secondary schools run by the Punjab Education Foundation with those run by the government in terms of providing a high-quality education that contributes to sustainable development. 4. The initial step was to use a simple random sample technique to select secondary schools from each district. Out of these, 12 were from the government and 12 were from the Punjab Education Foundation. In total, 36 secondary schools were chosen, with three teachers chosen from each school. So, 108 secondary school educators were chosen from the Punjab Education Foundation and 108 from the government. A total of 216 male and female educators with 1–10 years of experience were included in the sample. Their ages ranged from 18 to 35. The research set out to compare and contrast the secondary education systems run by the Punjab Education Foundation with those run by the government. The National Integration and the Inter-Provincial Education Ministers Conference (IPEMC) approved a set of minimum standards to be used as indicators to evaluate the quality of education. These standards cover areas such as school administration, teaching staff, extracurricular activities, school climate, and school infrastructure. This study set out to test the hypothesis that school administration, faculty, facilities, school climate, and extracurricular activities are all similarly high-quality. Quality standards such as administration, instruction, facilities, school spirit, and extracurricular activities were measured using a 5-point Likert scale. The two kinds of educational systems were compared using independent sample t-tests. In comparison to schools run by the Punjab Education Foundation, it was determined that public secondary schools in the province are superior in every way and adhere to the highest quality standards. To achieve the vision of Sustainable Development Goal No. 4 (SDG-4) 2025 and improve the quality of administration, faculty, facilities, school environment, and extracurricular activities, it is advised that Punjab Education Foundation Secondary Schools adhere to the minimal quality standard established by the Punjab minister of education.
References
Ahmad, M., Altaf, S., & Ahmad, M. F. (2023). Quality Education Sustainable Development (SDG-4) 2025: A Comparative Study of Government and Punjab Education Foundation Secondary Schools. PJE, 40(2).
Ahmad, M., Hussain, S., & Qahar, A. (2024). Comparison Between Virtual Reality and Integrating Blended Learning Flipped Classroom Model: An Experiment on Secondary School Students. International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 5(1), 1-11.
Ahmad, M., Qamar, T., & Abbasi, N. N. (2021). Intrinsic or Extrinsic Discipline: Case Study of Public Secondary Schools in Punjab, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Educational Research, 4(1).
Ahmad, Z., Noreen, S., & Munawar, U. (2023). Examining The Quality of Education Between Public & PEF Schools At Elementary Level in Southern Punjab. Journal of Social Research Development, 4(3), 622-631.
Ahmed, G., Tayyub, M., & Ismail, R. (2020). Effects of classroom environment for improving students’ learning at secondary level in Punjab Province, Pakistan. Science Academique, 1(1), 1-14.
Akramov, M., & Muzaffar, K. (2021). Technological Approach at Secondary School Management. Eurasian Journal of History, Geography and Economics, 2, 35-38.
Amir, M., Hussain, S., & Muhammad, S. (2022). Identification of the need for teacher training at the primary school level. International Research Journal of Education and Innovation, 3(1), 165-176.
Arshad, M., Haq, M. N. U., & Khan, M. G. (2020). Status of Physical Facilities and Students Achievement at Public and.
Asad, A., Mehmood, S., Hussain, S., & Amir, M. (2023). Analysis of Risk Management in Higher Education Institution. International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 4(3), 282-288.
Botirova, M. (2021, December). Secondary School Management: Technological Approach. In international conference on multidisciplinary research and innovative technologies (Vol. 2, pp. 244-247).
Brusseau, T. A., Erwin, H., Darst, P. W., & Pangrazi, R. P. (2020). Dynamic physical education for secondary school students. Human Kinetics.
Corbin, C. B., Kulinna, P. H., & Sibley, B. A. (2020). A dozen reasons for including conceptual physical education in quality secondary school programs. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 91(3), 40-49.
Ephrahem, G., & Bhoke-Africanus, A. (2021). Effectiveness of school heads’ financial management skills in the provision of quality education in secondary school. International Journal of Education and Research, 9(3), 20-28.
Ezeaku, F. N., Onu, E. A., Agu, P. U., Edikpa, E. C., Nwafor, B. N., Ozioko, A. N., & Ugwuanyi, C. S. (2021). Appraisal of quality assurance measures in the management of secondary schools and its implication on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education. International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development, 10(1), 159-170.
Faiz, S., Sheikh, S., Asadullah, M., Rehman, K., & Mehnaz, R. (2022). Role Of Public School Support Programme (PSSP) In Promoting Quality Of Education: Lesson Learned From District Dera Ghazi Khan In Province Of Punjab. Webology (ISSN: 1735-188X), 19(1).
Gindo, E., Anagaw, C., & Sapo, S. (2020). Provision of quality education in secondary schools: an investigation of factors. European Journal of Education Studies.
Hafeez, A., Hussain, S., Muhammad, S., & Hussain, S. (2023). Effect of PEC Exams on Quality Education in Public and Punjab Education Foundation Funded Secondary Schools. International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 4(3), 358-374.
Hussain, S. (2021). Quality of Education in Public and Daanish Schools at Secondary Level. International Research Journal of Education and Innovation, 2(2), 160-169.
Hussain, S., Abbas, Q., & Ahmad, A. (2022). Comparative analyses of environmental risk management at secondary schools level in Punjab and its effect on students’ academic achievement. International Research Journal of Education and Innovation, 3(4), 36-49.
Hussain, S., Ahmad, M. S., & Hussain, S. (2022). Relationship of teacher-student interaction, learning commitment and student learning comfort at secondary level. International Research Journal of Education and Innovation, 3(2), 156-169.
Hussain, S., Ahmad, M., Altaf, H. S., & Ahmad, M. F. (2022). Quality of Education in Public and Punjab Education Foundation Funded Schools at Secondary Level. Journal of Research & Reflections in Education (JRRE), 16(2).
Hussain, S., Ahmad, M., Hussain, I., Hafeez, A., & Sardar, R. (2024). Compare the Quality of Administration in Public and Punjab Education Foundation Funded Schools at Secondary Level. Al-Qan?ara, 100-117.
Hussain, S., Ahmad, M., Ul Zaman, F., & Ahmad, A. (2023). Comparative Study of Administrators’ Supervisory Skills and Teachers’ Pedagogical Skills Towards Quality Education in Public and Punjab Education Foundation Funded Schools at Secondary Level. Journal of Education & Educational Development, 10(2).
Hussain, S., Fakhar-Ul-Zaman, D. B. K., Kanwal, M., Hussain, T., Nawaz, I., & Thaheem, M. I. (2024). TPACK and ICT, the new hope for Pakistan's education system: analysis of the perception of prospective teachers. Remittances Review, 9(2), 743-754.
Hussain, S., Hafeez, A., Zaman, F. U., & Seerat, S. S. (2023). Why Quality of Education is Low at the Secondary Level in Pakistan: A Group Discussion. International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 4(4), 190-205.
Hussain, S., Zaman, F. U., Muhammad, S., & Hafeez, A. (2023). Analysis of the Initiatives Taken by HEC to Implement Associate Degree Program: Opportunities and Challenges. International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 4(3), 193-210.
Iqbal, Z., Shakir, M., & Fatima, S. (2023). Comparative Analysis of Quality Teaching and Management Practices in Pre-PSSP and Post-PSSP in District Lodhran, Punjab. Global Educational Studies Review, VIII, 8, 43-51.
Jabeen, S., Siddique, M., Mughal, K. A., Khalid, H., & Shoukat, W. (2022). School Environment: A Predictor of Students’ Performance at Secondary Level in Pakistan. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(10), 2528-2552.
Kalim, U., & Bibi, S. (2022). A Review of Public-Private Partnership for Elevating the Literacy Rate in Pakistan. Journal of Social Sciences Advancement, 3(2), 92-97.
Kausar, F. N., & Sadiq, M. I. (2023). Punjab Education Foundation Schools ‘effective Teaching-Learning and Assessment: An Analytical Study. Pakistan Islamicus (An International Journal of Islamic & Social Sciences), 3(2), 538-551.
Kausar, S., & Shoukat, R. (2020). Identification of the Factors Affecting the Quality of Education at Secondary School Level Students in Tehsil Faisalabad. Journal of Education and Practice, 188-194.
Khallokova, M. E. (2021). Criteria for non-educational institutions to improve the quality of education. World Bulletin of Social Sciences, 5, 52-55.
Khushik, F. U. (2021). From education for sustainable development to high quality education (sdg4): challenges and prospects for Pakistan.
Khushik, F., & Diemer, A. (2020). Education and sustainability, how sdg4 contribute to changing the representations of developing issues? The case study of Pakistan. International Journal of Management and Sustainability, 9(2), 101-119.
Klasra, R. I., & Huma, A. (2020). Evaluation of Financial Subsidy Program of Punjab Education Foundation for Increasing Student’s Enrollment and Retention in Private Schools in Punjab. Global Social Sciences Review, 1, 528-537.
Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and psychological measurement, 30(3), 607-610.
Malik, S., Khalid, L., & Nabi, H. G. (2023). Sustainable Development Goal-4 with the Perspective of Public Schools in Punjab. MAIRAJ, 2(2), 1-9.
Mesfin, D. M. (2022). Principals’ power for achieving quality education in secondary schools of Ethiopia. Power and Education, 17577438221117345.
Muhammad, S., Nadeem, M., Hussain, S., & Qahar, A. (2023). Comparison of the Impact of Oral and Written Feedback on the Students’ Academic Achievement. International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 4(3), 375-385.
Munawar, U., Haider, S. Z., Khadim, K., & Ali, M. M. (2022). An Exploratory study on the Identification of the Need for Teacher Training at the Primary Level in Punjab. Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 10(3), 1180-1186.
Musokhonovna, K. L. (2021). ICT-As a means of achieving new educational results in teaching natural disciplines in secondary schools. ACADEMICIA: An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 11(10), 315-321.
Nguyen, T. P. L., Nguyen, T. H., & Tran, T. K. (2020). STEM education in secondary schools: Teachers’ perspective towards sustainable development. Sustainability, 12(21), 8865.
Pascoe, M. C., Hetrick, S. E., & Parker, A. G. (2020). The impact of stress on students in secondary school and higher education. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 25(1), 104-112.
Raza, M. A., Malik, M. H., & Deeba, F. (2022). Performance of Public and PEF School Students in Literacy and Numeracy Drive (LND): A Comparative Analysis.
Saeed, M. A., Saba, S., & Ahmad, S. (2021). Leadership Competencies and Participatory Decision-Making Effects on TeaTeachers’tention at Secondary Education in Pakistan. Journal of Educational Sciences & Research, 8(1), 152-169.
Umar, Z., Hussain, S., Khan, I., & Perveen, F. (2023). Parents’ Involvement Effect on Students’ Academic Achievement and Quality Education in Public and Private Schools at Elementary Level. International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 4(3), 400-411.
Umar, Z., Sadiqi, T., Hussain, S., & Qahar, A. (2023). Compare the Quality of Infrastructure on Student Outcomes in Public and Punjab Education Foundation Funded Schools at Secondary Level. International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 4(4), 26-39.
Yousaf, F., Shehzadi, K., & Parveen, Z. (2020). Reasons for being Out of School: Implications for Education Policy. Global Educational Studies Review, 3, 273-293.
Zaman, F. U., Muhammad, S., Hussain, S., & Qahar, A. (2023). Challenges and Risks for Higher Education Now and Beyond the 2030. International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 4(3), 180-192.
