Teachers’ Role in Enhancing Listening Skills of English at Elementary Level in AJ&K, Pakistan
Keywords:
Listening Skill, English, Second LanguageAbstract
This research aimed to develop an experimental investigation into the impact of elementary school teachers in AJ&K, Pakistan, on improving students' English listening skills. The researchers utilised a pre-test and post-test equivalent group design for this purpose. The study population comprised all 2334 eighth-grade pupils enrolled in Government Boys Schools in District Sudhnuti, AJ&K, Pakistan. Forty eighth-grade pupils from Government Boys High School Talawari, District Sudhnuti, AJ&K, constituted the study sample. A self-designed pre-test was used to select students for the experimental and control groups. A post-test was created and given to the experimental and control groups after the investigation concluded. Proficient individuals in English language instruction and pedagogy validated the research instruments. Approximately 12% of the material was denied based on the expert judgmental validity. Pilot testing was conducted with ten eighth-grade pupils not included in the sample. Materials deemed excessively basic or complex were eliminated by the findings of the pilot testing. To assess the internal consistency of the items, the Kuder-Richardson formula was utilised in conjunction with SPSS (version 21) in this investigation. Experimental findings indicate that English instructors in AJ&K do not employ the Direct Method to improve English listening skills at the elementary level. Therefore, empirical evidence suggests that English instructors at the elementary level in AJ&K use the Direct Method of English Instruction to improve students' listening skills. Furthermore, it is recommended that English instructors employ CAI and CBL in conjunction with Direct Methods instruction to enhance the listening proficiency of elementary students in AJ&K, Pakistan.
References
Azizullah, A. (2000). Teaching of listening skills in primary classes in Pakistan (Unpublished master's dissertation). Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Channa, L. A. (2015). English in the language policy and planning of Pakistan. Kashmir Journal of Language Research, 18, 65–77.
Dobinson, T. (2001). Do learners learn from classroom interaction, and does the teacher have a role to play? Language Teaching Research, 5(3), 189-211.
Flowerdew, J. & Miller, L. (2005). Second language listening: Theory and practice. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Gay, L. R., (2000). Educational Research. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Hamouda, A. (2013). An Investigation of Listening Comprehension Problems Encountered by Saudi Students in the EL Listening Classroom. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development. Volume: 2(2), 113-155.
Hasan, A. (2000) Learners’ Perceptions of Listening Comprehension Problems. Language, Culture and Curriculum, Volume: 13(2), 137-153.
Hamada, Y. (2015). Shadowing: Who Benefits and How? Uncovering a Booming EFL Teaching Technique for Listening Comprehension. Language Teaching Research, 20, 53-74.
Hedge, T. (2000). Teaching and Learning in the Language Classroom. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hismanoglu, M. (2005). I am teaching English through Literature. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies. 3(66), 203-215.
Iqbal, J. (2013). A review of English textbooks at the secondary level in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Pakistan. Research Journal of Education Science, 1(3), 1–5.
Jeremy, N. (2007.) How to Teach English. Kuala Lumpur: Pearson Education Limited.
Khan, I.U. (2014). Strategies for improving English Language Listening Skills. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences. Volume: 4(1), 2014.
Kline, J. (2000). How to teach English. England: Pearson Education Limited.
Kurita, T. (2012). Issues in second language listening comprehension and the pedagogical implications. Accents Asia, volume: 5(1), 30- 44.
Leila, M. (2012). Using Authentic Aural Materials to Develop Listening Comprehension in the EFL Classroom. English Language Teaching: Volume 7(2). 139-148.
Linebarger, D. L. (2001). Beginning literacy with language: Young children learning at home and school. Education Journal, 21, 188-192
Machackov, E. (2009). Teaching listening. Bachelor Thesis, Pedagogical Faculty Department of English language and literature, Masaryk University Brno.
Miller, M. (2002). Teaching and Researching Listening. London: Longman.
Morris, T., & Leavey, G. (2006). Promoting phonological awareness in nursery-aged children through a Sure Start Early Listening programme. International Journal of Early Years Education, 14(2), 155-168.
Nation, I.S.P. and Jonathan N. (2009). Teaching ESL/EFL Listening and Speaking. Routledge: New York.
Renukadevi, D. (2014). The Role of Listening in Language Acquisition; the Challenges & Strategies in Teaching Listening. International Journal of Education and Information Studies, 4, 2277-3169.
Reza, M. (2019). The use of technology in English language learning: A literature review, International Journal of Research in English Education, 3(2), 115-125.
Richard, M. (2008). Teaching Listening and Speaking from Theory and Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Rost, M. (2001). Teaching and Researching Listening. London: Longman.
Rost, M. (2002). Teaching and researching listening. Great Britain: Pearson Education.
Shahid, S. M. (2011). Teaching of English, Lahore: Majeed Book Depot, Urdu Bazar.
Smith, T. (2018). Counting meaningful learning experiences: Using student-created reflective videos to make invisible learning visible during PJBL experiences. Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning. 9(2). 412-425.
Tyagi, G. (2013). Listening: An Important Skill and Its Various Aspects. An International Journal in English, 13(1), 124-192.
Wahab, D. M. (2013). Developing an English language textbook evaluative checklist. Journal of Research & Method in Education, 1, 55–70.
Weinstein, C. (2006), Self-regulated learning: the interactive influence of metacognitive awareness and goal-setting, Journal of Experimental Education 60 (4), pp.293-306.
Zhao, Y. (2001). The effects of listener’s control of speech rate on second language comprehension. Journal of Applied Linguistics, 18(1), 49–68.
Ziane, R. (2011). The Role of Listening Comprehension in Improving EFL Learners’ Speaking Skill, English Division, University of Biskra. Algeria.
